Superglue (i.e. cyanoacrylate glue, CA glue) is a kind of glue that does not actually "dry". This kind of glue sets through a chemical reaction when exposed to moisture. And in presence of sufficient moisture it sets very quickly. This is the reason it can instantly bond human skin, or varoious porous moisture-containing materials (e.g. wood). This is also the principle on which various CA "glue accelerators" are based.
However, this glue can maintain its liquid state for a very long time when exposed to fairly dry air. A drop of CA glue will sit in the open for hours and hours without setting, since it pulls very little moisture from surrounding air.
It is incorrect to claim that superglue applied to a gun would've dried quickly. Quite the opposite, the movie depiction of CA glue's behavior is very accurate: it remains liquid on an exposed metal surface, but cures instantly when comes in contact with human skin.
When the main character breaks the wall, the bricks are not connected with cement, just stacked one on another.
Jeter was glued to the wall without a shirt, but later we see undershirt on him, and also it is clean, even he is bleeding from the wounds.
When Calabrese pulls out Jeters last card, the cards on the table are apart, but in the previous frame they are one on another.
The main character, when glued to the wall, frees his leg only to kick into the pipe, and the pipe hits his head. There is no reason to kick the pipe, later he frees him self by only detaching from the wall.