Kirk says "It looks like New York City." La'an responds "It's Toronto." This is an allusion to the fact that Toronto is often filmed as a stand-in for New York City in many shows and films.
Kirk mispronounces La'an's surname as "Noonien-Soong". Dr Noonien Soong is the cyberneticist who created Data (and Lore and B-4) in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987). Dr. Soong also has ancestors (in the 21st and 22nd Centuries) that were involved with Eugenics and Augments (i.e., Khan Noonien Singh who is La'an's ancestor.
In this time line where Kirk was not born on Earth, but on a starship (the USS Iowa), Kirk exclaims the line "I'm from space!" This echoes Kirk's line from Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986). "No, I'm from Iowa. I only work in outer space."
The painting that Pelia is accused of stealing from the Louvre is "The Concert by an open window" by Johannes Vermeer, also known as The Concert.