Brief mention of the creation of the synth version of retired Admiral Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek: Picard (2020) when Dr. Culber is discussing the creation of a body for Gray.
Stamets' comment on seeing the anomaly "Curiouser and curiouser" is a quote from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, something that is often referenced throughout Discovery.
This is also the second time in the franchise of an exact title match (First Contact (1991) and Star Trek: First Contact (1996)). This is the franchise's first exact title match between episodes. The second episode of the third season of Star Trek: Enterprise (2001) was also titled "Anomaly".