This installment apparently contradicts the Writers'/Directors' Guide for Star Trek (1966), which describes McCoy as having joined Starfleet only in middle age, after he was divorced; that would mean he couldn't have worked on Dramia II during his early adulthood. Since this was never definitively stated on screen, there is some wiggle room.
The title Albatross is most likely referring to the metaphorical usage of the word albatross that has its origins in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, where the albatross symbolizes a psychological burden that feels like a curse. In this TAS story, Leonard McCoy is in a sort of similar way haunted by the possibility that his actions may have in fact somehow caused an outbreak of a disastrous plague that completely eradicated the population of an entire planet.
This takes place in 2270.