In the beach race the Australians are shown with Rahvan horses, a breed native to Turkey (where the episode was filmed). The Australian Light Horse only rode Australian Waler horses.
Indy and Maya ride across the desert on two-humped camels (Bactrian camels) which are native to the steppes of Eastern Asia. In 1917 Palestine, the available rides would have been one-humped dromedary camels.
Porter introduces himself as a Gunnery Sergeant and the Australian private addresses him as "Gunny". That rank and form of address is used only in the United States Marine Corps and is not used by the British Army. A private addressing Porter as anything other than "Sergeant" would have resulted in the private being charged with insubordination.
The road signs show directions to Beersheba, Rafa and Gaza in English. Then part of the Ottoman Empire, official signs would have been written in Ottoman Turkish which used a variant of the Arabic alphabet.
Schiller fires a British Vickers machine gun at Indy. The Turkish Army used German-made machine guns.
Anders says his wife back in Australia has a baby arriving any day, but he has been in the Middle East for at least two years.