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- Mercy Otis Warren was a published poet, political playwright and satirist during the age of the American Revolution-a time when women were encouraged and expected to keep silent on political matters. Warren not only engaged with the leading figures of the day-such as John, Abigail, and Samuel Adams-but she became an outspoken commentator and historian, as well as the leading female intellectual of the Revolution and early republic.
Born on September 14, 1728 in Barnstable, Massachusetts, Warren was the third of thirteen children of James Otis and Mary Allyne Otis. Her exposure to politics began early; her father was an attorney who was elected to the Massachusetts legislature in 1745. Like most girls at the time, Warren had no formal education; hers came from sitting in on her brother's lessons, where she took a particular interest in history and politics. She also made extensive use of her uncle's large book collection to educate herself.
In 1754, she wed the politically active James Warren, a classmate of her brother's at Harvard, who encouraged her to pursue writing. The couple had five sons. After James Warren's election to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1766, the Warrens began hosting leading citizens in their Plymouth home, particularly those opposed to British policies. In fact, Warren herself would maintain a lifelong, though at times tumultuous, friendship with John Adams, which included extensive letters on the nature of the new republic.
An avid patriot, Warren began writing political dramas that denounced British policies and key officials in Massachusetts, notably Governor Thomas Hutchinson. Her 1772 satire, "The Adulator" (published anonymously in the Massachusetts Spy newspaper), criticized the British colonial governor's policies a full four years before Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. Warren also published two additional plays skewering British colonial leaders, Defeat (1773) and The Group (1775.) She supported the Boston Tea Party and boycotts of British imports and urged other women to follow suit.
From the outset of the American Revolution, Warren began writing its history, which was published in 1805 as History of the Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution. This was among the first nonfiction book published by a woman in America, and she was the third woman (after Anne Bradstreet and Phillis Wheatley) to publish a book of poems. Some of her other works-Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous, for example-were similarly influenced by her first-hand experiences with the war. Warren, who embraced the natural rights philosophy that undergirded the Patriot cause, was hopeful that it would lead to egalitarian and democratic policies in the new republic and beyond. A Jeffersonian Republican, she took a firm stand against ratification of the Constitution, which put her at odds with conservative political friend, John Adams, a champion of the document. Likely based on her personal experiences, she opposed women's lack of access to formal education.
Warren lived to age eighty-six. She remained vital even in her final years, continuing to write and correspond with political friends. - Alexander von Humboldt spent the first years of his life in Tegel Palace in Berlin, the von Humboldt family estate. Together with his brother Wilhelm, he was taught by a private teacher during his childhood. Between 1787 and 1792, Alexander von Humboldt studied first at the universities of Frankfurt/Oder and Göttingen, later at the Hamburg Commercial Academy and at the Mining Academy in Freiberg. During this time Humboldt went on several study trips. From 1792 to 1796 he worked as an assessor in the Prussian mining service, he traveled extensively and was sent on diplomatic missions. He was particularly interested in scientific research into geography and the distribution of plants. In 1796 he left the Prussian service. After completing his studies, von Humboldt undertook several trips to conduct scientific research. In 1797 he met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller.
During a stay in Paris, Humboldt met the doctor and botanist Aime Bonpland, who would later become his companion on several trips. From 1799 to 1804, Humboldt and Bonpland traveled to the Spanish provinces of South America: Venezuela, Cuba, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico and back to Europe via the USA. In 75 days they covered 2,000 km on the Orinoco, explored the Amazon and proved that there is a connection between the Orinoco and the Amazon. In Ecuador, Alexander von Humboldt almost climbed to the summit of the Chimborazo volcano, which is 5,800 meters above sea level. Von Humboldt held a mountaineering altitude record for some time. During his trip he cataloged over 60,000 plants. He also investigated various scientific aspects: he recorded population statistics, examined political and social conditions, and was interested in geology, zoology, meteorology and linguistic research.
Alexander von Humboldt hardly missed any research area during his travels; his thirst for knowledge seemed inexhaustible. Von Humboldt continued to conduct scientific field research in the areas of physics, chemistry, geology, mineralogy, volcanology (overcoming Neptunism), botany (he founded plant geography), zoology, climatology (isotherms), oceanography and astronomy, but also on questions of economic geography, ethnology and demography. After his return, von Humboldt began working on his work "Voyage aux regions equinoxales du Nouveau Continent" in 1805 (until 1834). In 1805, von Humboldt received his doctorate from the University of Frankfurt/Oder, and a short time later he moved to Paris, where he lived mainly until 1827. Back in Berlin, he gave lectures on physical descriptions of the earth at the university there and also gave 16 public lectures at the Singakademie.
Now a respected scientist and scholar, von Humboldt began a nine-month journey to Russia and Siberia in 1829. After this trip he returned to Berlin, where he worked as a scientist until his death. He always wanted to make his scientific findings understandable to the people. "With knowledge comes thought, and with thought comes seriousness and strength." Today, over 1,000 plants, animals, mountains, rivers and products bear von Humboldt's name. - J.B. Buckstone was born on 14 September 1809 in Hoxton, London, England, UK. J.B. was a writer, known for Married Life (1921) and Jack Sheppard (1912). J.B. was married to Anne Maria Honeyman and Isabelle Copeland. J.B. died on 31 October 1879 in Sydenham, London, England, UK.
- Theodor Storm was born on the 14th of September 1817 in Husum, North Germany, direct on the Northern Sea. As the son of a lawyer he got a very good education (for this time, of course) at Husum and Luebeck, and went to university for studying law between 1837-42. After the occupation of his homeland through the Danish he flew to Potsdam, but went back to his region in 1864. He got a job as a judge and died on the 4th of July 1888 in Hademarschen. The importance of Theodor Storm for the German literature is based on his short novels. Famous for at least five of them, his greatest works, such as the "Schimmelreiter", is read in schools until today as an example not only of literary realism, but also of well done structure.
- Simo Matavulj was born on 14 September 1852 in Sibenik, Austrian Empire [now Croatia]. He was a writer, known for Bakonja fra Brne (1951), Smesne i druge price (2004) and Posljednji vitezovi (1963). He was married to Ljubica Dimovic and Milica Stepanovic. He died on 20 February 1908 in Belgrade, Serbia.
- Charles Plamondon was born on 14 September 1856 in Ottawa, Illinois, USA. He was married to Mary Plamondon. He died on 7 May 1915 in off the Old Head of Kinsale, Ireland.
- Ermete Zacconi was born on 14 September 1857 in Montecchio Emilia, Italy. He was an actor, known for Don Buonaparte (1941), Processo e morte di Socrate (1939) and The Count of Monte Cristo (1943). He was married to Ines Zacconi. He died on 14 October 1948 in Viareggio, Italy.
- George Farren was born on 14 September 1858 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He was an actor, known for The Cinderella Man (1917). He died on 21 April 1935 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Writer
- Music Department
- Soundtrack
Jakob Knudsen was born on 14 September 1858 in Denmark. He was a writer, known for Den gamle præst (1939) and Sygeplejeskolen (2018). He died on 21 January 1917 in Denmark.- Novelist Hamlin Garland was born in West Salem, Wisconsin, on September 14, 1860. His father was an itinerant farmer who kept moving the family westward, to Iowa and to the wild and sparsely settled Dakota Territory (now comprising the states of North Dakota and South Dakota). Garland received little formal schooling and for the most part educated himself. In 1884, at 24 years of age, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts, to pursue a career as a writer. In 1891 he published a collection of his short stories and sketches, called "Main-Traveled Roads", and followed that with a pair of novels, "Prairie Folks" (1893) and "Wayside Courtships" (1897). His novels reflected the dire poverty of his childhood growing up on the western frontier, and his characters were not the sort of hardy individualists who persevered against all odds that the public believed populated the frontier; Hamlin saw little of those kinds of people growing up, and his novels detailed the poverty and despair of the frontier that he knew. The public wasn't ready to accept that portrayal of their beloved "west", and his novels weren't successful.
In 1893 Garland moved to Chicago and became a proponent of the "veritism" school of literature, which stressed realism in writing rather than the somewhat saccharine romanticism of much of popular literature of the time. In 1917 he wrote the autobiographical "A Son of the Middle Border", which was a critical and financial success and spawned several sequels. In addition to novels, Garland also wrote extensively for a variety of magazines, and in 1923 a collection of those stories was published as "The Book of the American Indian".
In 1929 Garland moved to Los Angeles, California, where he lived until his death on March 4, 1940. - Cinematographer
- Director
Robert K. Bonine was born on 14 September 1861 in Altoona, Pennsylvania, USA. Robert K. was a cinematographer and director, known for Eva Tanguay (1902), Panoramic View, King St. Honolulu, H.I. (1906) and A Tough Dance (1902). Robert K. died on 11 September 1923 in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.- Jules Moy was born on 14 September 1862 in Paris, France. He was an actor, known for Cagliostro - Liebe und Leben eines großen Abenteurers (1929), Jim la houlette, roi des voleurs (1926) and Rue de la paix (1927). He died on 25 April 1938 in Clichy-la-Garenne, Hauts-de-Seine, France.
- Charles Dana Gibson was born on 14 September 1867 in Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA. He was a writer, known for The Education of Mr. Pipp (1914) and Saved by Parcel Post (1913). He was married to Irene Langhorne. He died on 23 December 1944 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Walter Perry was born on 14 September 1868 in San Francisco, California, USA. He was an actor, known for The Johnstown Flood (1926), Troopers Three (1930) and The Third Alarm (1930). He died on 22 January 1954 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Anna Breznay was born on 14 September 1868 in Székelyudvarhely, Hungary. She is known for Az anyósok gyöngye (1922), Lengyelvér (1920) and Viola, az alföldi haramia (1922).
- Sergey Naydyonov was born on 14 September 1868 in Kazan, Russian Empire. He was a writer, known for Deti Vanyushina (1974) and Deti vanyushina (1915). He died on 5 December 1922 in Yalta, Ukrainian SSR, USSR.
- Actor
- Writer
- Composer
Théodore Botrel was born on 14 September 1868 in Dinan, Côtes-d'Armor, France. He was an actor and writer, known for Jacquot of Nantes (1991), Le noël du mousse (1926) and Mon meilleur ami (2006). He died on 26 July 1925 in Pont-Aven, Bretagne, France.- Emil Wittig was born on 14 September 1870 in Crefeld, Kingdom of Prussia [now Germany]. He was an actor, known for Leben um Leben (1914), Glaubensketten (1916) and Die Beichte einer Verurteilten (1915). He was married to Thekla Wittig. He died in 1928 in Berlin, Germany.
- Make-Up Department
Festus Phillips was born on 14 September 1871 in North Carolina, USA. Festus is known for The King of Kings (1927). Festus died on 5 September 1955 in Los Angeles County, California, USA.- Miriam Nesbitt was born on 14 September 1873 in chicago, Illinois, USA. She was an actress, known for The Declaration of Independence (1911), Mary Stuart (1913) and The Corsican Brothers (1912). She was married to Marc McDermott. She died on 11 August 1954 in Hollywood, California, USA.
- Writer
- Soundtrack
Will Irwin was born on 14 September 1873 in New York City, New York, USA. He was a writer, known for The Exalted Flapper (1929), Beating Back (1914) and Al Jennings of Oklahoma (1951). He was married to Inez Lenore Haynes and Harriet Sophia Hyde. He died on 24 February 1948 in New York City, New York, USA.- Oliver Eckhardt was born on 14 September 1873 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. He was an actor, known for The Cavalier (1928), The Last Trail (1927) and Forbidden (1932). He died on 15 September 1952 in Hollywood, California, USA.
- Art Director
- Costume Designer
- Production Designer
César Klein was born on 14 September 1876 in Hamburg, Germany. He was an art director and costume designer, known for Die Taifunhexe (1923), Der Puppenmacher von Kiang-Ning (1923) and Hannerl und ihre Liebhaber (1921). He was married to Paula Bock and Martha Steffen. He died on 13 March 1954 in Pansdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.- D. Mitsoras was born on 14 September 1877 in Athens, Greece. He is known for The Rose of Paris (1924), The Radio King (1922) and The Woman Who Dared (1916).
- Billie Ritchie was born in Scotland in 1874 and joined the world-renowned Karno Fun Factory and Comedy Troupe traveling the world with Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel, among others. In 1914 he left Karno and began making silent films for director Henry "Pathe" Lehrman's L-Ko Comedy studios and then his Fox/Sunshine Studios. Ritchie always claimed that Charlie Chaplin imitated his on-stage character of a rag-bedecked "little tramp," although he himself was saddled with the description of being one of the many Chaplin imitators. In late 1919 Ritchie was injured while making a Lehrmann comedy when several ostriches used in filming attacked the unfortunate actor. He was severely injured, and over the next two years was confined to his bed with serious back and internal injuries. He eventually succumbed to his injuries on July 6, 1921, dying in bed at his Hollywood home at 1200 North McCadden Place. He was only 42.
- Ethel Saker was born on 14 September 1878 in Long Ditton, Surrey, England, UK. She was an actress, known for Wild Innocence (1936). She was married to George Morton Saker (composer/conductor). She died on 17 June 1975 in Denville Hall, Northwood, London, England, UK.
- Erik Stocklassa was born on 14 September 1878 in Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden. He was an actor, known for Sir Arne's Treasure (1919) and Kampen om hans hjärta (1916). He died on 27 November 1962.
- Harry Carter was born on 14 September 1879 in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. He was an actor, known for The Hope Diamond Mystery (1921), The Gray Ghost (1917) and The Pool of Flame (1916). He died on 22 July 1952 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- A.E. Anson was born on 14 September 1879 in London, England, UK. He was an actor, known for Arrowsmith (1931) and The Road to Singapore (1931). He was married to Cora Busch, Deidre Doyle and Mary Mallison. He died on 25 June 1936 in Monrovia, California, USA.
- Paule Andral was born on 14 September 1879 in Paris, France. She was an actress, known for Violettes impériales (1932), David Golder (1931) and Tarakanova (1930). She was married to Roger Karl. She died on 28 March 1956 in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France.
- E.L. Fernandez was born on 14 September 1879 in New York City, New York, USA. He was an actor, known for Woman (1918), Eye for Eye (1918) and Love's Redemption (1921). He died on 31 March 1952 in Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Eric Albury was born on 14 September 1879 in Hamburg, Germany. He was an actor, known for The Yellow Claw (1920). He died on 28 December 1964 in Brighton, Sussex, England, UK.
- Director
- Writer
- Producer
Margaret Sanger was born on 14 September 1879 in Corning, New York, USA. She was a director and writer, known for Birth Control (1917) and The Mike Wallace Interview (1957). She was married to James Noah Henry Slee and William Sanger. She died on 6 September 1966 in Tucson, Arizona, USA.- Writer
- Animation Department
- Director
Earl Hurd was born on 14 September 1880 in Kansas, USA. He was a writer and director, known for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Fantasia (1940) and Ski-Hi the Cartoon Chinaman (1915). He died on 28 September 1940 in Burbank, California, USA.- Paul Fechter was born on 14 September 1880 in Elbing, East Prussia, Germany. He was a writer, known for Der Zauberer Gottes (1966). He was married to Emma Vockeradt. He died on 9 January 1958 in Berlin, Germany.
- Hjördis Gille was born on 14 September 1881 in Finland. She was an actress, known for Carolina Rediviva (1920). She died on 21 October 1961 in Sorunda, Sweden.
- P. Massey was born on 14 September 1881 in Columbus, Texas, USA. He was an actor, known for The Wife Hunters (1922). He was married to Samantha Washington. He died on 2 May 1946 in San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Maja Bjerre-Lind was born on 14 September 1881 in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was an actress, known for I de unge Aar (1915), Kærlighedens Firkløver (1915) and Kærligheds-Væddemaalet (1917). She died on 8 April 1939.
- Art Director
- Art Department
- Set Decorator
Hungarian-born Wilmos Bela Sandorhaji arrived in the U.S. in 1910 with qualifications from the Royal Academy of Art in Budapest and the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris. He enjoyed his first success as a portrait painter in New York prior to the outbreak of World War I. By the time he relocated to Hollywood ten years later, he had adopted his wife's maiden name of Darling. After a brief stint with the American Film Company, he signed a contract with (20th Century) Fox in 1922. Until his departure in 1946, Darling held a position as the pre-eminent supervising art director at the studio, involved in equal measure with prestige releases and B-pictures. He provided striking sets for a variety of exotic subjects, from Zoo in Budapest (1933) to The Rains Came (1939), on several occasions working with the illustrious director John Ford. Darling was nominated for seven Academy Awards, winning three times: for Cavalcade (1933), The Song of Bernadette (1943) and for Anna and the King of Siam (1946).
After his retirement from film work in the mid-1950s, Darling devoted himself to painting idyllic desert landscapes and coastal scenes in oil or watercolour on canvas. Until his death in September 1964, Darling was strongly involved in local arts communities in Laguna Beach and Palm Springs, maintaining residencies in both. He was inducted into the Art Director's Guild Hall of Fame in 2011.- Kathryn Hutchinson was born on 14 September 1882 in Montpelier, Vermont, USA. She was an actress, known for The Square Deceiver (1917). She was married to Daniel J. M. Bates. She died in October 1973 in New York City, New York, USA.
- Actor
- Soundtrack
In his earlier days, Halliday seems to have relished the life of an adventurer. At one time he fought with the British Army during the Boer War. As a mining engineer he then dug for gold nuggets in Nevada, rapidly made a fortune and lost it as quickly. He eventually switched to the more peaceful pursuit of acting, initially in Gilbert & Sullivan operettas, then in dramatic plays on Broadway from 1912 to 1936 (lastly in "Tovarich", as Prince Alexandrovitch). Though Brooklyn-born, Halliday was raised in England and often adopted an upper-crust British accent. An incisive and debonair actor with a penchant for sophisticated comedy, he received good reviews as co-star of The Woman Accused (1933) with Cary Grant and Nancy Carroll. He was very much at home playing caddish bon vivants, gleeful villains (such as in Terror Aboard (1933)) or wily arch rogues (notably Desire (1936) with Marlene Dietrich). Halliday had another pivotal role in Intermezzo (1939) and was then cast to best advantage as Katharine Hepburn's charming philanderer of a father in The Philadelphia Story (1940). He died in Honolulu, Hawaii, from a heart ailment in October 1947 at the age of 67.- Robert Lawler was born on 14 September 1884 in California, USA. He was an actor, known for The Flirt (1916), The Illustrious Prince (1919) and Hoodoo Ann (1916). He was married to Alice Thibodeau and Garnet Marian Huff. He died on 20 July 1967 in San Francisco, California, USA.
- Actor
- Writer
Largely forgotten today, comic actor Moore Marriott reigned supreme for a time in the 1930s alongside Will Hay and Graham Moffatt in British film farce. The trio came about by happenstance, but it was their audiences who insisted they reappear together again and again.
Born in 1885, Marriott started off on the stage as a youngster with his theatrical family. The dark, curly-haired natural made his debut on film as an infant and reportedly made a number of silent films for the Hepworth Company, but credits are sketchy. By the 1920s he had churned out a number of pictures including By the Shortest of Heads (1915), The Monkey's Paw (1923) and The Gold Cure (1925), sometimes in a lead. By the advent of sound, however, he found his niche playing countrified character folk. He played much, much older than he really was (by at least 20-30 years), and audiences took to his doddering old fool act, and he essayed a host of assorted toothless, muttering coots. Marriott was unbilled in his first Hay comedy, Dandy Dick (1935), but received billing in his next film with Hay, Windbag the Sailor (1936), in which they were joined by the impish, heavyset foil Moffatt. With Marriott playing his famous bald geezer Jeremiah Harbottle, the popular trio continued to put out such wacky, nonsensical films as Oh, Mr. Porter! (1937), often deemed the best of the lot, and Convict 99 (1938). Eventually Hay severed the union, preferring to be thought of as a solo star. Marriott supported other comedians in the ensuing years, including Arthur Askey, but he never matched his earlier success. He died at age 64 without ever harvesting a strong core audience as a solo artist.- Carl de Vogt was born on 14 September 1885 in Cologne, Germany. He was an actor, known for Helen of Troy (1924), Auf den Trümmern des Paradieses (1920) and Caravan of Death (1920). He was married to Claire Lotto. He died on 16 February 1970 in West Berlin, West Germany.
- Music Department
- Composer
- Director
Vittorio Gui was born on 14 September 1885 in Rome, Lazio, Italy. He was a composer and director, known for Fantasia bianca (1919), Rossini (1942) and Fantasia (1921). He was married to Maria Bourbon del Monte S. Maria and Ilda Salardi-Enriques. He died on 16 October 1975 in Fiesole, Tuscany, Italy.- Muriel Rickabaugh was born on 14 September 1885 in Kevilworth, Warwickshire, England, UK. She is known for Target (1958) and Lock Up (1959).
- Writer
- Actor
Jan Masaryk was born on 14 September 1886 in Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now Czech Republic]. He was a writer and actor, known for It Started at Midnight (1943) and Bratislavské rozprávky (1991). He was married to Frances Crane Leatherbee. He died on 10 March 1948 in Prague, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic].- David Dunbar was born on 14 September 1886 in West Maitland, New South Wales, Australia. He was an actor, known for The Streets of London (1929), Leatherstocking (1924) and The Non-Stop Flight (1926). He was married to Blanche ?. He died on 7 November 1953 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Stanley Ketchel was born on 14 September 1886 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA. He died on 15 October 1910 in Conway, Missouri, USA.
- Erich Hoepner was born on 14 September 1886 in Frankfurt an der Oder, Brandenburg, Germany. He died on 8 August 1944 in Plötzensee, Berlin, Germany.