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1-22 of 22
- Susan B. Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.
- The youngest of the talented Brontë siblings, Anne was born January 17th, 1820 to Rev. Patrick Brontë and Maria Branwell Brontë. Her mother died of cancer when she was only a year old, and growing up Anne was especially close to her elder sister Emily Brontë. Along with their other sister, Charlotte Brontë and their only brother, Branwell Brontë, Anna and Emily invented the imaginary realms of Gondal and Angria, which absorbed most of their childhoods on the lonely Moors.
Despite her fragile health, Anne worked as a governess for some years before her brother, Branwell, entered the service of the same family she worked for. He was supposed to tutor the family's elder sons, but was dismissed in 1845 after having an affair with his employer's wife. Anne also resigned her position, and took up writing with her sisters, publishing "Poems" in 1846, a compilation of the Brontë girls' poetry. Encouraged by her literary success, Anne published two more novels, "Agnes Grey" and "The Tenant of Wildfell Hall".
After her brother Branwell and sister Emily died within three months of one another in 1848, Anne herself came down with consumption. She was taken to the seaside, which she adored, by her sole surviving sister Charlotte, in the hopes of finding a cure. Anne Brontë died at Scarborough in 1849, a victim of tuberculosis. - George Hearst was born on 3 September 1820 in Franklin County, Missouri, USA. He was married to Phoebe Apperson Hearst. He died on 28 February 1891 in Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
- Anna Sewell was born on 20 March 1820 in Yarmouth, Norfolk, England, UK. She was a writer, known for Black Beauty (1994), Black Beauty (1933) and Your Obedient Servant (1917). She died on 25 April 1878 in Old Catton, Norfolk, England, UK.
- English nurse and hospital reformer. Florence Nightingale was named after the place of her birth in Italy. Educated at home by their wealthy, well-bred father, Nightingale and her older sister Parthenope studied history, philosophy, mathematics, and classics; they also wrote weekly compositions. Nursing was considered a profession for the lower-classes and that time, however Florence decided that was what she wanded to do. She trained as a nurse at Kaiserswerth (1851) and Paris and in 1853 became superintendent of a hospital for invalid women in London. In the Crimean War she volunteered for duty and took 38 nurses to Scutari in 1854. She organized the barracks hospital after the Battle of Inkerman (5 November) and by imposing strict discipline and standards of sanitation reduced the hospital mortality rate drastically. She returned to England in 1856 and a fund of L 50,000 was subscribed to enable her to form an institution for the training of nurses at St Thomas's and at King's College Hospital. She devoted many years to the question of army sanitary reform, to the improvement of nursing and to public health in India. Her main work, Notes on Nursing (1859), went through many editions.
- He was a German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of Marxist theory, together with Karl Marx.
In 1845 he published "The Condition of the Working Class in England", based on personal observations and research in Manchester.
In 1848 he co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" with Karl Marx, and later he supported Marx financially to do research and write "Das Kapital".
After Marx's death, Engels edited the second and third volumes. Additionally, Engels organized Marx's notes on the "Theories of Surplus Value," which he later published as the 'fourth volume' of "Das Kapital".
He has also made important contributions to family economics. - Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was born on 26 September 1820 in Birsingha, Bengal Province, British India. Ishwar Chandra was a writer, known for Bhranti Bilas (1963). Ishwar Chandra died on 29 July 1891 in Calcutta, Bengal Province, British India.
- William Tecumseh Sherman was a general in the Union army during the American Civil War (and the man who coined the phrase, "War is hell"). He was regarded as one of the most able generals on either side, and his famous "March to the Sea" was credited with greatly shortening the length of the war and is considered by many military historians to be one of the first examples of "total war" in the history of modern warfare.
One of eight children, Sherman was born Tecumseh Sherman (in honor of the famous Shawnee Indian warrior) in Lancaster, OH, in 1820. His father was a judge who died when William was only nine. He was adopted by William Ewing, a family friend, and Ewing's wife added "William" to his name. At 16 years of age young William received an appointment to the US Army Military Academy at West Point, NY, graduating in 1840 near the top of his class. Upon graduation Sherman was posted to Florida, where he took part in the war with the Seminole Indian tribe, and he was later transferred to Fort Moultrie, SC. When the Mexican War broke out in 1848 Sherman was stationed in California as an administrative officer and was unable to take part in it. In 1850 he married Ellen Ewing--her father William, who had adopted Sherman as a youth, was by this time the US Secretary of the Interior--and the newlyweds settled in St. Louis, MO.
Sherman resigned from the army in 1853 and traveled to California to try his luck during the Gold Rush. He wound up taking a position in San Francisco with a St. Louis banking company. His business career, however, was severely damaged by the Panic of 1857. He found himself unemployed but was helped out by two friends from his West Point days, Braxton Bragg and P.G.T. Beauregard--who would later find themselves on the opposite side of Sherman during the Civil War as generals in the Confederate army--who got him a job as the superintendent of a military academy in Louisiana. However, when the Civil War broke out in 1861, Sherman resigned from the academy and rejoined the army as a colonel in that same year.
Sherman was given command of a brigade in the army of Gen. Irvin McDowell and took part in the First Battle of Bull Run, a disastrous defeat for the Union. Despite that, Sherman was promoted to Brigadier General and assigned to Kentucky as second-in-command to Gen. Robert Anderson. He did not fit well into that position and was soon transferred to the army of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, where he served as a division commander. Sherman took part in the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, and his performance so impressed his superiors that he was promoted to the rank of Major General.
Grant and Sherman worked extremely well together They planned and executed the siege and eventual capture of Vicksburg, MS, destroying the Confederate defenses and allowing Union supplies and reinforcements to use the Mississippi River again. Although Sherman suffered a defeat at the Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, he made up for that by capturing Fort Hindman, a feat that resulted in his being given command of the Union's XV Corps.
President Abraham Lincoln placed Grant in command of the Union Army in the west, and Sherman was promoted to Grant's former position of commander of the Army of the Tennessee. They took part in the Chattanooga campaign in November of 1863. In March of 1864 Grant was given command of all Union armies and Sherman was given command of the military division of the Mississippi, which included three entire armies. Sherman's campaign to invade Georgia began near Chattanooga, TN, in 1864 with 100,000 troops. Opposing Confederate forces were unable to stop them and were steadily pushed back. On Sept. 2 Sherman captured Atlanta, a major Southern industrial center and transportation hub, and its loss seriously damaged the South's war effort.
After capturing Atlanta, Sherman took more than 60,000 troops from his force and led them on the famous "March to the Sea", which was to end at the port city of Savannah. On its way, the army devastated the countryside, destroying railroads, farms, plantations, industrial areas, and anything that the South could use to further its war effort (it was also intended to "bring the war home" to the Southerners who had started the war in the first place). After taking Savannah Sherman turned his forces north through the Carolinas and headed for Virginia. However, the South was unable to continue the war anymore, and Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered his forces to Grant at Appomattox, VA, on 4/9/1865. Confederate Gen. Joseph Johnston surrendered the remainder of the Southern forces to Sherman on April 26 near Durham, SC, and the war was over.
After hostilities ended, Grant was promoted to four-star general and Sherman was promoted to Lieutenant General. Grant was elected US President in 1869, and he promoted Sherman to Commanding General of the Army, which he held until 1884. He retired to New York City, where he died in 1891. - Soundtrack
Fanny Crosby was born on 24 March 1820 in Brewster, New York, USA. She was married to Alexander van Alstyne, Jr.. She died on 12 February 1915 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA.- Art Department
John Tenniel was born on 28 February 1820 in London, England, UK. He is known for Jackanory (1965). He died on 25 February 1914 in England, UK.- Writer
- Soundtrack
James Halliwell-Phillipps was born on 21 June 1820 in London, England, UK. He was a writer, known for The Crooked Man, The Crooked Mile and Storyteller (2020). He died on 3 January 1889 in East Sussex, England, UK.- Bozena Nemcová was a Czech writer of the final phase of the Czech National Revival movement. Her image is featured on the 500 CZK denomination of the Ceská koruna. According to the dating up to now accepted by the majority of Czech authors, Bozena Nemcová was born in 1820 as Barbara Pankel (or Barbora Panklová according to the usual Czech name-giving for women) in Vienna as a daughter of Johann Pankel from Lower Austria and Teresie Novotná, a maid of Bohemian origin. In her childhood she lived near the small town of Ratiborice, where her grandmother Magdalena Novotná played an important part in her life. Nemcová would later write her most famous novel with the main character inspired by her grandmother.
- Felix Nadar was born on 5 April 1820 in Paris, France. He died on 20 March 1910 in Paris, France.
- Multatuli was born on 3 March 1820 in Amsterdam, United Kingdom of the Netherlands [now Noord-Holland, Netherlands]. Multatuli was a writer, known for Max Havelaar (1976), Vorstenschool (1976) and Ballade van de Japanse Steenhouwer (1982). Multatuli died on 19 February 1887 in Nieder-Ingelheim, Germany.
- Soundtrack
John H. Hopkins was born on 28 October 1820 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. John H. died on 14 August 1891 in Hudson, New York, USA.- Émile Augier was born on 17 September 1820 in Valence, Drôme, France. He was a writer, known for The Temptress (1920), New Lives for Old (1925) and Les Fourchambault (1929). He died on 25 October 1889 in Croissy-sur-Seine, Yvelines, France.
- David Kalisch was born on 23 February 1820 in Breslau, Silesia, Germany. He was a writer, known for Hunderttausend Taler (1969), Hunderttausend Taler (1963) and Ein gebildeter Hausknecht (1970). He died on 21 August 1872 in Berlin, Germany.
- Joaquim Manoel de Macedo was born on 24 June 1820 in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He was a writer, known for A Moreninha (1975), A Moreninha (1915) and A Moreninha (1970). He died on 11 April 1882 in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 - 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, and sociologist famous for his hypothesis of social Darwinism. Spencer originated the expression "survival of the fittest", which he coined in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The term strongly suggests natural selection, yet Spencer saw evolution as extending into realms of sociology and ethics, so he also supported Lamarckism.
- Donald Smith was born on 6 August 1820 in Forres, Moray, Scotland, UK. He was married to Isabella Sophia Hardisty . He died on 21 January 1914 in London, England, UK.
- Apollo Korzeniowski was born on 21 February 1820 in Honoratka, Podolia Governorate, Russian Empire [now Honoratka, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine]. Apollo was married to Ewa Bobrowska. Apollo died on 23 May 1869 in Kraków, Galicia, Austro-Hungarian Empire [now Kraków, Malopolskie, Poland].
- Writer
Theodore O'Hara was born on 11 February 1820 in Danville, Kentucky, USA. He was a writer. He died on 6 June 1867 in Guerryton, Bullock County, Alabama, USA.