Charlotte names the spider Sting after seeing a copy of J.R.R. Tolkein's The Hobbit. Sting is not the name of a spider in the Hobbit, rather the sword Bilbo uses to fight the spiders.
Charlotte's name is more than likely a reference to Charlotte's Web, another story about a clever spider.
When Ethan asks Frank why he carries a nail gun while he is an exterminator, Frank answers "protection". The nail gun is likely a reference to Arachnophobia (1990), another movie about carnivorous spiders where the main character finishes one of the creatures off with a nail gun.
First film directed by Kiah Roache-Turner to be set in the United States, as opposed to his native Australia.
In the basement, when Sting creeps up to Charlotte and she turns her head away in fear towards camera, this is extremely similar to a scene in Aliens 3 between the xenomorph and Ripley.