What I now consider to be one of the best episodes of this under-rated series, "Afterlife" is in it's essence, "The Trial and Death of Socrates". The phrase Sergeant Styles keeps repeating as a kind of mantra while desperately clinging to the slowly fading physical elements of his humanity is the Socratic/Platonic ideal (later adopted by The Stoics) that you can harm the body but you can never harm the soul, although here it is used within a christian context.
"You can change my body, but you will never change my soul"
-Sergeant Styles
"You can chain my leg, but not even Zeus can overcome my will"
-Epictetus
Brilliantly adapted into a Sci-Fi setting, Sergeant Styles, being the perfect guinea pig due to his moral convictions, is set up by the military, accused of murder and after a trial, sentenced to death. When given the options to choose between the real "lethal injection", which of course would have been suicide and not morally acceptable as a christian, and to become subject to a top secret experimentation, he chooses the later, as was expected. Similarly, Socrates' only options were the type of punishment but he chose suicide instead of exile.
Interestingly, and without giving the end away completely, I would say that Styles transcended both his body and his soul and met a similar fate, if only symbolically, to that of Socrates.
Also, as a bit of pop sci-fi trivia, I thought the story was 1/3 The Fly, 1/3 First Blood and 1/3 Predator.