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1-16 of 16
- Michael Faraday was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis.
Although Faraday received little formal education, he was one of the most influential scientists in history. It was by his research on the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. Faraday also established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena.
He similarly discovered the principles of electromagnetic induction and diamagnetism, and the laws of electrolysis. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became practical for use in technology.
Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell. - Anne Lister was born on 3 April 1791 in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England, UK. She was a writer, known for Gentleman Jack (2019) and A Skirt Through History (1994). She was married to Ann Walker. She died on 22 September 1840 in Kutaisi, Georgia.
- After graduating from college in 1809, Buchanan became a lawyer. In 1814 he entered the Pennsylvania Assembly as a Federalist representative. In 1820 Buchanan was elected to the US House of Representatives, where he served until 1831. At the same time he served as envoy to Russia from 1823 to 1833. He became a leading figure in the newly emerging Democratic Party in Pennsylvania. From 1834 to 1845 he served in the US Senate, where he supported the southern states' position on the slave issue. Under the presidency of James Knox Polk (1845-1849), Buchanan played a key role in his expansionist policies as Secretary of State.
Meanwhile, he was chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations from 1836 to 1841. He reached an agreement with Great Britain on the Oregon issue. In the war against Mexico (1846-1848) he advocated the annexation of large parts of the neighboring country. President Franklin Pierce sent Buchanan as an envoy to Great Britain from 1853 to 1856. In 1856 he won the US presidential election as the Democratic candidate. The following year he began his term in the White House. Buchanan was the only unmarried President of the United States. His niece, Harriet Lane, served as "First Lady" during his term.
As with his predecessor Franklin Pierce, Buchanan's efforts at reconciliation and compromise were doomed to failure in view of the increasingly irreconcilable conflict over the slave issue. During his presidency, the Democratic Party was increasingly divided into northern and southern factions. An economic depression and conflict with the Mormons in Utah continued to complicate the domestic political environment of Buchanan's administration. Having already lost the 1860 presidential election to Abraham Lincoln, Buchanan faced his final crisis in office with the secession of South Carolina.
The US President lacked the ability to take decisive action to counteract the southern state's secession from the Union. Amid allegations of having been responsible for the dissolution of the Union and the outbreak of the American Civil War, Buchanan bitterly withdrew from the presidency and politics in 1861.
James Buchanan died on June 1, 1868 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. - Music Department
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Carl (Karl) Czerny was born on 20th of February, 1791, in Vienna, Austria. He studied piano with his father, Wenzel Czerny, and later took lessons from Antonio Salieri and Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven was so impressed with Czerny's playing that he offered to teach him several times a week for two years. Czerny was giving concert performances as a child prodigy from the age of 9, playing a Mozart Piano Concerto in C minor and Beethoven's piano sonatas. By the age of fifteen he became a reputable music teacher himself. Czerny created his original method of piano practice, incorporating many didactic piano pieces named "Etudes", which he wrote for piano practice of his students. His method is focused on finger dexterity and velocity, as well as on the sound control and expressiveness. Many of his "Etudes" (studies) are widely used today for piano practice, especially such collections as "The School of Velocity", "The Art of Dexterity", and "Etudes for the Left Hand". Czerny became a leading performer and devoted supporter of Beethoven's piano music. He was selected by Beethoven to perform the premiere of the Piano Concerto No1 in 1806 and the Piano Concerto No 5 "The Emperor" in 1812, in Vienna, with "Ludvig van Beethoven' and the Emperor in attendance. Carl Czerny never married, and he lived alone. Being devoted to his ailing parents, he never took a concert tour. His students were such famous pianists as 'Sigismond Thalberg', Franz Liszt, and Stephen Heller. At one time in 1815, Beethoven asked Czerny to teach his nephew, Carl. In 1821 he started his two-year training course with Franz Liszt and continued correspondence with Liszt during his successful career. Czerny enjoyed a genuine respect from his famous colleagues. He shared a mutual admiration with Frédéric Chopin, who was Czerny's guest in Vienna, in 1829. Czerny died rich and famous, and left behind over one thousand original compositions and piano arrangements, of which about 860 were published. His original music is largely unheard by modern ears, with the exception of his "Etudes" and "Piano Sonatas for 4 hands", which are among the most charming pieces, that he wrote for his famous students to perform.- Writer
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John Howard Payne was born on 9 June 1791 in East Hampton, New York, USA. He was a writer, known for The Family Stone (2005), The Chechahcos (1923) and First Love (1939). He died on 10 April 1852 in Tunis, Tunisia.- Franz Grillparzer was born on 15 January 1791 in Vienna, Austria, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire [now Austria]. He was a writer, known for Das Kloster von Sendomir (1919), Klostret i Sendomir (1920) and Die Jüdin von Toledo (1919). He died on 21 January 1872 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary [now Austria].
- Sergey Aksakov was born on 20 September 1791 in Ufa, Russian Empire [now Bashkortostan, Russia]. Sergey was a writer, known for Scarlet Flower (1991), The Scarlet Flower (1978) and The Scarlet Flower (1952). Sergey died on 30 April 1859 in Moscow, Russian Empire [now Russia].
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Ferdinand Hérold was born on 28 January 1791 in Paris, France. Ferdinand is known for To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar (1995), La fille mal gardée (1981) and Zampa (1930). Ferdinand died on 19 January 1833 in Thernes, France.- Music Department
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Giacomo Meyerbeer was born on 5 September 1791 in Tasdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. He is known for Maytime (1937), Song of Surrender (1949) and Vento di primavera (1958). He died on 2 May 1864 in Paris, France.- Kazimierz Brodzinski was born on 8 March 1791 in Królówka, Szczyrzyc County, Kraków Voivodeship, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [now Królówka, Malopolskie, Poland]. Kazimierz died on 10 October 1835 in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony [now Dresden, Saxony, Germany].
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Louis Joseph Hérold was born on 28 January 1791 in Paris, France. Louis Joseph died on 18 January 1833 in Paris, France.- Duque de Rivas was born on 10 March 1791 in Córdoba, Andalucía, Spain. He was a writer, known for La forza del destino (1911), Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino (1908) and Tutto Verdi (2012). He died on 22 June 1865 in Madrid, Spain.
- Johan Ludvig Heiberg was born on 14 December 1791 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Johan Ludvig was a writer, known for Elverhøj (1917), Elverhøj (1939) and Elverhøj (1910). Johan Ludvig died on 25 August 1860 in Bonderup, Denmark.
- József Katona was born on 11 November 1791 in Kecskemét, Hungary. He was a writer, known for Erkel Ferenc: Bánk bán - közvetítés a Magyar Állami Operaházból (1957), Bánk bán (1915) and Musical TV Theater (1970). He died on 16 April 1830 in Kecskemét, Hungary.
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Augustin Eugene Scribe was the first-- and certainly the most prolific-- French dramatist/librettist of the European popular theatre. He was born in Paris on Christmas eve 1791 to a prosperous silk merchant, who was determined for his son to pursue a career in law. Scribe's interests were drawn to the theatre and he began writing plays in his teens. He was undaunted by his first effort, "Le Prétendu sans le savoir" failing miserably at the Paris Varieties in 1910 and was determined to find some mechanical plot formula that would appeal to the Franco middle class across all theatrical genres: comedies, dramas, operas and tragedies.
He hit on the idea of having a seemingly simple misunderstanding drive tight plots, events often snowballing into near catastrophic effect with his characters (more often than not, the modern French bourgeoisie) having to run a gauntlet of obstacles in hopes of avoiding embarrassment or earning redemption. His plots often began simply enough, but quickly became a series of clever twists and turns, and his audiences loved watching those beyond their social caste brought down several pegs, with spiraling plot twists leading to an explosive climax just before the final curtain. Scribe's plot formulas worked well across all the genres and he welcomed collaboration with numerous playwrights (most notably 'Ernest Legouvé') as a means to expand his wealth and influence. He also welcomed writers capable of transforming his voluminous amount of earlier works into other forms, primarily operas. He created a think tank plot factory that employed writers assigned to various aspects of a particular play working within his mechanical plot parameters: story, dialogue, writing comic lines for individual characters, grinding out hundreds of works. Often he discovered one of his writers had inadvertently stolen jokes from others and it became something of a badge of honor for another playwright to receive compensation for a "Scribe." Most of the time these playwrights would be oblivious of the plagiarism. At his peak, Scribe was a combination Gilbert & Sullivan, Henry Ford and Milton Berle. A small number of his collaborative works were adapted to Broadway as early as 1855. Among his most successful plays, "Adrienne Lecouvreur" remains popular, both in it's original form as a tragedy and as the basis for the 1902 operatic adaption "Adriana Lecouvreur," which has been produced several times for French and Italian audiences. It was filmed by MGM in 1928 as Dream of Love (1928) as a silent starring Joan Crawford. His generosity toward collaborators seldom extended to theatrical producers (in Europe of the day, this was usually the owner of the venue itself), as he was well aware of his importance in French theatre and placed hefty financial demands on producers, whom he held in low regard throughout his lifetime. He died in Paris at age 69.- Théodore Géricault was born on 26 September 1791 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France. He was an actor, known for Romantic Versus Classical Art (1973) and Bir Resim Bir Hikaye (2019). He died on 26 January 1824 in Paris, Île-de-France, France.